ef‧fect 1 S1 W1 / ɪfekt / 名词
1 change/result [可数和不可数名词] a change that is caused by an event, action etc
effect on
My parents’ divorce had a big effect on me.
effect of
the harmful effects of modern farming practices
the long-term effects of the drug
I could feel the effects of the thin mountain air.
This ingredient also has the effect of making your skin look younger.
A system failure has a knock-on effect throughout the whole hotel.
the cumulative effect of human activities on the global environment
A much lower dose of the painkiller can still produce the desired effect .
In mental illness, there is a complex relationship between cause and effect . → greenhouse effect , side effect ► Do not confuse with the 动词 affect (=to have an effect on something).
2 put/bring something into effect to make a plan or idea happen :
It won’t be easy to put the changes into effect.
3 take effect to start to produce results :
The morphine was starting to take effect and the pain eased.
4 law/rule
a) take effect/come into effect if a law, rule, or system takes effect or comes into effect, it officially starts
b) be in effect if a law, rule, or system is in effect, it is being used now
5 with immediate effect/with effect from formal starting to happen immediately, or from a particular date :
Hoskins is appointed manager, with immediate effect.
6 in effect used when you are describing what you see as the real facts of a situation 同义词 effectively :
In effect, we’ll be earning less than we were last year.
7 to good/great/no etc effect used to show how successful an action is :
We tried to wake him, but to no effect.
8 to this/that/the effect used when you are giving the general meaning of something, rather than the exact words :
Jim told me to go away, or words to that effect .
The letter said something to the effect that she was no longer needed.
9 idea/feeling [可数名词，通常单数] an idea or feeling that an artist, speaker, book etc tries to make you think of or to feel 同义词 impression
effect of
Turner’s paintings give an effect of light.
10 for effect if someone does something for effect, they do it in order to make people notice :
She paused for effect, then carried on speaking.
11 personal possessions effects [复数形式] formal the things that someone owns 同义词 belongings :
Don’s few personal effects were in a suitcase under the bed.
12 film [可数名词，通常复数] an unusual or impressive sound or image that is artificially produced for a film, play, or radio programme
→ sound effects , special effect
COLLOCATIONS
动词
have an effect on something/somebody Eating junk food will eventually have an effect on your health.
have the effect of doing something The news had the effect of making everyone feel better.
produce an effect formal If we combine these sounds, they produce an effect that is almost jazzy.
feel an effect (= notice it ) Small companies will feel the effect of the recession first.
lessen/reduce an effect (= make an effect smaller or less severe ) The government must take action to reduce the effects of pollution.
cushion the effect of something (= make it less bad ) Lower mortgage rates will cushion the effect of rising house prices.
an effect lasts (= continues ) The effect of the drug lasts about six hours.
an effect wears off (= gradually stops ) The effect of the anaesthetic was beginning to wear off.
形容词
big/major The teachers’ strike had a big effect on many schools.
significant/substantial/marked (= quite big ) Global warming could have a significant effect on agriculture in many parts of the world.
profound/powerful (= very big, in a way that changes someone or something significantly ) My father’s death had a profound effect on me.
dramatic (= very big and sudden ) Taking the new drug had a dramatic effect on his health.
small The drugs have a relatively small effect on a lot of patients.
negligible/minimal formal (= very small ) The advertising campaign had a negligible effect on demand.
immediate (= quick and sudden ) The an 名词 cement had an immediate effect on stock prices.
good Inflation can sometimes have some good effects on the economy.
positive/beneficial (= good, or helping someone or something in some way ) The incident had a very positive effect on his career.
bad Working too hard was beginning to have a bad effect on my health.
negative/detrimental (= bad or harmful ) the negative effects of low rainfall
harmful/damaging (= causing harm or damage to something or someone ) the harmful effects of drinking too much alcohol | Some of the effects can be quite damaging.
visible/noticeable (= an effect that you can clearly see ) He drank five beers, but they did not seem to have any visible effect on him.
the adverse effects formal (= the bad effects ) No one told them about the adverse effects of smoking marijuana.
the long-term/short-term effect (= having an effect for a long or short time ) Many boxers suffer with the long-term effects of punches to the head.
a knock-on effect (= an effect that is caused by something that has happened before ) The strike could have a knock-on effect at other airports.
a cumulative effect (= the effect of many things happening one after the other ) The cumulative effect of these policies will be to push up inflation.
the desired effect (= the effect you want ) His team talk had the desired effect because the team went on to win the game.
the full effect (= the whole effect ) We won’t know the full effect of the tax changes until the end of the financial year.
a calming/soothing effect (= one that makes you feel less angry, excited, or nervous ) His words seemed to have a calming effect on the crowd.
THESAURUS
effect a change that is caused by an event, action etc : The people in this area are still suffering from the effects of the famine. | The treatment had little or no effect.
impact an effect that happens as a result of something important, especially a big and permanent effect : Changes in technology have had a massive impact on the way we work. | the environmental impact of industrial activity
influence the effect that something has on people’s opinions or behaviour, or on how something develops : American television has had a big influence on popular culture in the west. | His ideas had a lot of influence at the time.
side effect an unwanted and unplanned effect that something has – used especially about drugs and medical treatment : Common side effects of the drug may include headaches and muscle pains.
after-effects British English , aftereffects American English bad effects that continue for a long time after the thing that caused them : A traumatic experience can have severe psychological after-effects. | the after-effects of the war
repercussions / ripəkʌʃ ə ns $ -pər-/ / the effects that happen later as a result of an event or decision, especially a range of effects that continue for a long time : The scandal could have serious repercussions for her career. | The judge’s decision is likely to have important repercussions for future cases of this kind.
a knock-on effect British English used when something has an effect on something, which then has an effect on something else : Higher oil prices have a knock-on effect on other fuels.
footprint the effect that human activities have on the environment, caused by using up its natural resources, pollution, waste etc : Businesses all over the world must attempt to reduce their environmental footprint. | The house has a low carbon footprint (= it uses very little energy from carbon and therefore is good for the environment ) .