in‧clud‧ing S2 W1 / ɪnkludɪŋ / 介词

used to introduce something or someone that is part of a larger group or amount you have just mentioned 反义词 excluding :

The price is £25.50, including postage and packing.

You’ll need a variety of skills, including leadership and negotiating.

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In written or business English, people often prefer to use excluding rather than not including , as it sounds more formal:

The cost is $49.95 excluding tax.