rough 1 S2 W3 / rʌf / 形容词 ( comparative rougher , superlative roughest )
1 not smooth having an uneven surface 反义词 smooth :
Her hands were rough from hard work.
the rough terrain at the base of the mountains
We were bumping over the rough ground .
2 not exact [通常用于名词前] not exact, not containing many details, or not in a final form 同义词 approximate :
a rough sketch of the house
a rough translation
Could you give me a rough idea what time you’ll be home?
a rough estimate of the cost
First do a rough draft of your essay.
3 problems/difficulties a rough period is one in which you have a lot of problems or difficulties 同义词 tough :
The first year was rough, but things have gotten better.
Sounds like you had a rough day .
We’ve been through some rough times together.
My boyfriend and I were going through a rough patch .
The bill is in for a rough ride in the Senate.
It’s been rough going , but we’ve almost finished now.
4 not gentle using force, anger, or violence 反义词 gentle :
Rugby is a very rough sport.
Don’t be too rough – she’s only little.
Paul gave her a rough shake.
equipment capable of withstanding rough treatment
The referee won’t allow any rough stuff (= violent behaviour ) .
be rough on somebody (= treat someone unkindly or criticize them in an angry way )
Don’t you think you were a little rough on her?
5 town/area etc a rough area is a place where there is a lot of violence or crime :
a rough part of town
6 weather/sea with strong wind or storms 反义词 calm :
The ship went down in rough seas .
7 voice/sound
a) not sounding soft or gentle, and often rather unpleasant or angry :
Barton’s deep, rough voice
b) having an unpleasant sound, especially because there is something wrong with a machine :
The clutch sounds rough – better get it checked.
8 simple/not well made simple and often not very well made :
a rough wooden table
9 not comfortable uncomfortable, and with difficult conditions :
The journey was long and rough.
10 have rough edges ( also be rough around the edges )
a) to have some parts that are not as good as they should be, but that are not a serious problem :
The team has a few rough edges, but they’re winning more games.
b) if a person is rough around the edges, they are not very polite, educated etc
11 rough night a night when you did not sleep well :
Mickey had a rough night last night.
12 a rough deal something that happens to you that is unfair or unpleasant :
He’s had a rough deal with his wife leaving him like that.
13 feel rough British English informal to feel ill
14 look rough British English informal to look untidy, dirty, or unhealthy :
After travelling for two days we must have looked pretty rough.
15 rough and ready not perfect, but good enough for a particular purpose :
The tests are only a rough and ready guide to a pupil’s future development.
16 rough justice punishment that is not decided in a court in the usual legal way, and that is often severe or unfair :
Gangs practise a kind of rough justice on their members.
— roughness 名词 [不可数名词] → rough diamond , rough paper , roughly
COLLOCATIONS
名词
a rough day/week etc He’s had a rough week at work.
a rough time My children had a rough time because they were different from the rest.
a rough patch (= a difficult time that does not last long ) He was good at encouraging his team when it hit a rough patch.
a rough ride (= a time when you are criticized, opposed etc ) She was given a rough ride by the press. | Though the President pushed the bill through the House of Representatives, it faces a rough ride in the Senate.
rough going (= a difficult and unpleasant experience ) If there is a recession, next year will be very rough going.
THESAURUS
rough having a surface that is not flat or smooth : rough ground | a rough mountain path | The walls were all rough. | Her hands were rough and work-hardened.
uneven an uneven surface has areas that are not flat or not all at the same level : The floor was uneven. | She climbed the uneven steps with great care.
bumpy a bumpy road, path, or area of land has a lot of holes and raised parts in it : the bumpy track down to the farm | The field was too bumpy to play football on. | a bumpy journey (= on a road that has a very rough surface )
coarse having a rough surface that feels slightly hard – used especially about materials such as cloth or wool : coarse woollen blankets | coarse grass | The wool felt rather coarse.
rugged / rʌɡəd, rʌɡɪd / land that is rugged is very rough and uneven and is often in a high place : the rugged terrain near the mountains
COLLOCATIONS CHECK
rough ground/sea/stone/skin
uneven surface/floor/pavement
bumpy road/field/journey
coarse cloth/wool/paper/grass
rugged terrain/mountain/landscape/coastline