stan‧dard 1 S2 W2 / stændəd $ -ərd / 名词 #

1 level of quality/achievement [可数和不可数名词] the level that is considered to be acceptable, or the level that someone or something has achieved :

Students have to reach a certain standard or they won’t pass.

The airline has rigorous safety standards.

standard of

The committee is assessing the standard of care in local hospitals.

2 moral principles standards [复数形式] moral principles about what kind of behaviour or attitudes are acceptable :

the recent decline in moral standards

standards fall/slip/go down

Standards have slipped since I was a boy.

3 measurement [可数名词] a fixed official rule for measuring weight, purity , value etc :

an official government standard for the purity of silver

4 song [可数名词] a popular song that has been sung by many different singers :

popular jazz standards

5 flag [可数名词] old-fashioned a flag used in ceremonies :

the royal standard

→ double standard , living standard

COLLOCATIONS

动词

meet/reach a standard Many food businesses fail to meet basic standards of hygiene.

set/lay down a standard The government sets standards that all hospitals must reach.

raise/improve standards We are determined to raise standards in our schools.

lower standards He refused to lower his standards.

maintain standards (= keep them at a good level ) Television companies should maintain standards of taste and decency.

standards improve The standard of this festival improves every year.

standards fall/slip/decline School inspectors say that educational standards have fallen.

ADJECTIVES/NOUN + standard

high/good The standard of their work was generally very high.

low/poor The report says the standard of children’s diet in Britain is poor.

acceptable All too often their behaviour has fallen below acceptable standards.

stringent/strict/rigorous/tough standards (= high standards that are difficult to reach ) The Marines’ rigorous standards mean that only a small proportion of applicants are successful.

international standards Clearly there is a need for international standards to be laid down to govern food safety.

safety/hygiene/quality etc standards All our products meet the current safety standards.

academic/educational standards There had been a policy of raising academic standards within the school.

environmental standards (= to protect the environment ) They called on the Indian government to apply stricter environmental standards.

professional standards (= within a particular profession ) The institutions have an evident interest in maintaining professional standards.

living standards ( also standard of living ) (= the level of comfort and the amount of money people have ) Living standards at all income levels improved over that period.

短语

an improvement/rise in standards There has been an improvement in living standards.

a decline/drop in standards There has been a general decline in standards of literacy among undergraduates.

be/come up to standard (= be good enough ) Her work was not up to standard.

be below standard (= not be good enough ) His performance yesterday was below standard.

by modern standards/today’s standards The technology was crude by modern standards.

by our standards (= judging by what we are used to ) The equipment was very old-fashioned by our standards.

by British/African etc standards Class sizes are small by British standards.

standard 2 S2 W2 adjective #

1 accepted as normal or usual :
We paid them the standard rate. standard practice/procedure (= the usual way of doing things ) Searching luggage at airports is now standard practice. The format is fairly standard. 2 regular and usual in shape, size, quality etc OPP non-standard :
We make shoes in standard and wide sizes. All these vans are made to a standard design. 3 a standard book, work etc is read by everyone studying a particular subject 4 the standard form of a language is the one considered to be correct and is used by most people OPP non-standard :
the standard spelling standard English pronunciation

THESAURUS

normal usual, typical, and as you would expect it to be : Is this cold weather normal for the time of year? | It had been another normal working day in the office. ordinary ( also regular especially American English ) not special, unusual, or different from normal : They lived in an ordinary three-bedroomed house. | It looks like an ordinary car, but it uses solar power. | Would you like a regular salad or a Caesar salad? | I just want an ordinary bicycle, not a mountain bike. average [仅用于名词前] around the usual level or amount : She is of average height . | He is of above average intelligence . | The average price of a pint of milk has gone up. standard normal – used about methods of doing something, or about the size, shape, features etc of products : It’s standard practice to X-ray hand-baggage at most airports. | We stock shoes in all the standard sizes. routine used about things that are done regularly as part of a series of things : The fault was discovered during a routine check of the plane. | routine tasks such as shopping and cooking everyday [仅用于名词前] used about things that happen or that you use as part of normal life : He painted scenes of everyday life in France. | Sally was still dressed in her everyday clothes. common used about birds and plants that are of the most usual type, and in the phrase the common people (= people who are not rich and powerful ) : the common goldfish | an alliance between the aristocracy and the common people conventional [仅用于名词前] of the kind that is usually used – used when comparing this with a different or special type : The engine is more efficient than a conventional diesel engine. | the drugs used in conventional medicine | conventional weapons (= not nuclear, chemical, or biological ) | conventional ovens and microwaves